Project Description: Joint replacement is one of the most commonly performed elective surgical procedures today, providing improved health and quality of life to millions of people. Total hip and knee replacement are expected to increase by over two hundred percent by 2030. Expectations of improved outcomes however come at a cost. Medicare alone spent upwards of 6 billion dollars on these surgeries. This healthcare investment is worth protecting. Although infections of artificial joints may only affect 1-2% of individuals, joint replacement surgery has become so common that thousands of people each year will be affected -some years after surgery at a cost to the individual both physically and financially. With this growing concern in mind, simple chemical modifications to artificial joints, using the small molecule Ethylcholine, may provide another tier of immunological defense to prevent these negative outcomes caused by infections.